Perfesser,
Well, no.
The propellant bags were a bit heavier, about 220 pounds, but were NOT black powder. They were a smokeless, nitrocellulose-based powder not unlike today's propellants.
Blackpowder was used in small quantities as a booster at the ends of the bags, but it was only a small amount of the charge by weight, probably not even 5%, if that much, but I believe its primary use was as fusing and as an initiator at the rear of the main charge.
The reason the Arizona exploded so violently is that the bomb hit one of the magazines and ended up setting off nearly 1 million pounds of smokeless propellant. It is thought that the blast did start in the black powder magazine, which flashed into the adjacent smokeless magazine, but the amount of black powder that went off was probably only a few thousand pounds, at most.
Had that amount of black powder exploded, Arizona would have been shattered instead of just being torn. Black powder is actually an explosive, whereas smokeless powder is a flammable solid.