The condensed answer is we have state laws regarding marriage because when Henry the 8th of England dumped Catholicism because he was pissed off that he couldn’t get a divorce, the authority for the Episcopalian (Anglican) church became the government, with Henry VIII as the head, rather than the Pope.
Up until that time Roman Catholic ecclesiastical courts had handled church-legal matters, backed up by state power. After that time the ecclesiastical court law was dumped into English law, and we inherited it from there.
Marriage licenses, along with blood tests and such are leftovers from things like rH+/- factor testing, along with the state controls that come with adopting religious law as secular law. Prohibitions against incest are in there somewhere as well. The “civil ceremony” part is left-over religious.
Logically, you have to “register” your marriage with the state for the same reason a corporation has to register its creation with the state: So that the state has notification of the status of the contract, prior to someone questioning its existence (not the mutual parties, but someone external, like a hospital) so that the state can protect the automatic rights (and duties) that come along with the arrangement.
Ironically, this also gives them the power to forbid its dissolution, another bit of religious-based silliness for the state to be engaging in. [Note, I’m
not saying a church can’t tell its members they can’t get unmarried in its eyes – just that it’s not a logical state function to “permit” people to unmarry.]
Since marriage, in the eyes of present-day states, is supposed to be a totally secular thing, there’s no particular reason that the state should really care whom it “marries.” I’ve never really seen any particular point to calling the religious and the secular marriage by the same term, except that the state recognizes religious marriages, and perhaps it seems silly to be both “married” and “unioned” [or whatever] if one got a church marriage.
Lon, you might want to check out the
Free State Project we’re at 10% of our goal to get 20,000 liberty-oriented activists to move to a single state to attempt to roll back government in general – including gun laws, marriage laws, and as much of what some people call “the Nanny State” as we can abolish. We’re at 40% of our goal to have membership to pick which state to move to. Repealing/reforming marriage laws is one of the “hotlist” items the FSP will be attempting to change.
Dex