Situational Awareness, from a pilot's viewpoint
Are there other aircraft around me? If in visual conditions, when was the last time I visually cleared all forward sectors? If in instrument conditions, when was the last time I heard another aircraft or a controller on the radio?
What is my aircraft's attitude? (Nose up or down; wings level or banked left/right; turning or straight) Is the aircraft attitude appropriate for where I am and what I am trying to do?
What is my altitude? Is it suitable for terrain avoidance in my vicinity? Is it appropriate for my direction of travel (based on conventions for compass heading)? If I am below a safe obstacle clearance altitude, due to being on approach or climbout, is my navigation assured so that I will not run into terrain?
What is my airspeed? Is it suitable to maintain airflow over the wings to maintain altitude at the angle of bank I plan to achieve? Is it steady, or is it accelerating or decelerating?
How is my engine running? Are major indications normal and in the green?
Do I have adequate fuel for my intended destination and alternate? Is my actual fuel level tracking along with my predictions from flight planning? If not, what trends are developing? Should I consider a different destination or alternate?
If I lose an engine right now, what is the safest direction to turn while I try to troubleshoot, and restart if appropriate? Where is the nearest suitable divert field? Are there obstructions between my present position and my chosen divert for this leg?
If in a multi-crew aircraft, is my crew performing as expected and responding as expected for the given situation?
Note1: This list is not all-inclusive.
Note2: A competent pilot runs through a sequence like this very, very frequently. In visual conditions, 90% of scan should be outside, but even then the other pieces of this list should be thought through every 10 or 20 seconds (attitude, altitude, airspeed) to every one to several minutes (engine, fuel, navigation).
Note3: Anything that looks, feels, sounds, or smells funny should require additional attention, even if there's no immediate rational definition of the problem.
Note4: No matter what kind of troubleshooting you have to do, ALWAYS maintain positive control of aircraft attitude, airspeed, direction of travel, and altitude (or rate of descent if an engine is out).
So, to pilots at least, SA has a much broader definition than "threat analysis".