The OP has mentioned more than once he has a .308 bolt rifle.
He also explained he was "just musing"
I'm not an "Anti-EBR for hunting" guy. I'm comfortable seeing them in the field.
P-14's,P-17's,SMLE's,Krags,Springfields and Mausers at one time were advanced weapons of war.
And I'm sure,back then,there were the folks who used HiWalls and Sharps,Stevens,and Rolling Blocks and the various lever actions who had a xenophobic streak and detested those horrid bolt rifles. Shooters an be slow to evolve. And,there is nothing wrong with sticking with what you have.
I know someone who does everything from prairie dogs to elk and long range steel shooting with his AR-10.Its a .308 He has an Armalite made 300 RemUltra Short Mag upper he can pin on.
He can shoot them. I've asked him why he carries that heavy pig when he shoots at (and sometimes hits!!) 2 MOA steel triangles at 900 yds. The law limits him to a 5 rd mag anyway. He could easily carry a 7lb bolt rifle. Follow up shots are typically a moot point. He just does things his way. I let it go.
A trim bolt gun can be as light or lighter and less cumbersome than even an AR-15.
Just due to its real estate,the AR-15 is limited . Some cartridges would make do. I do not doubt a 6.5 Grendel will take elk if you are a good elk hunter.
So will a yew wood recurve bow or a 50 cal flintlock. Folks have their reasons.
Elk hunting for me is a time I use my Best boots,not sneakers. I take my best knives, I use my fine binoculars...I don't get more satisfaction out of a dubious $50 "tactical monocular"
For myself, the latest iteration of "elk rifle build" is around a very pristine 98/09 Argentine receiver I had in stash. I got a buy on a fairly light profile pre-thread/prechambered Lothar Walther barrel. It fits very well in the threads.I went exotic on the cartridge...30-06!! Gentry side swing M=70 type safety. Timney trigger. I faced the reciever square on a mandrel. I have a commercial Mauser scope bolt. Also a commercial Mauser steel hinged floorplate 30-06 length mag box. And my last Garrett Accra Lite foam core fiber glass and Kevlar stock blank. Its an M-70 fwt pattern.
If I get around to it while they are available,the Leupold M-8 6X by 42 MM scope is a favorite of mine. I predict someplace between 7 1/2 and 8 lbs with the scope..
IMO,thats a classic elk rifle. I doubt I'll ever carry it elk hunting.I don't know my heart would hold up to elk hunting these days. But I suspect my Grandson will have a fine elk rifle.
And IMO,there is nothing that can be built an an AR-15 receiver that can compare for elk hunting.
Mehavey:
I cannot answer for the OP.
Asked . . . but I believe not yet answered:
"...at what ranges..." is the OP looking for ?
In my experience,ranges can be as close as 10 yards to as far as you think you can responsibly place a shot. Elk hunting covers a variety of terrain.Oak brush to aspens,Doghair timber to open meadows to cross canyons. Beaver bottoms to tangled blow downs.Maybe even in one season.
IMO,thats why some folks gear up for the 1% or 5% shot. A long range magnum for the imaginary 6 point bull in the open meadow 500 yds away or more.
But I'm thinking a 300 yd rifle covers 95% plus, and a 308 will do that.