8.5 Synthetic simulants
The tissue simulants and their preparation methods have not been standardized making
comparison of the reported results somewhat difficult and reducing their power of evidence.To reach the goal of comprehensive and surgery compatible wound ballistic simulation a lot
needs to be done. Validation of simulation materials is still at an embryonic stage with only
muscle and skin tissue simulants having been validated. Bone simulants have not been
validated with human bones. As the purpose is not to simulate wound ballistic events on a pig
the simulant system must be brought as close to a human being as possible. It has too often
been taken for granted that a pig resembles a human being. An example of this is the specific
gravity of muscle tissue quoted to be 1.06. It actually is that of a 100 kg landrace pig. Human
muscle tissue specific gravity is 1.02-1.04.
A comprehensive study on the viscoelastic
properties of human tissues needs to be done in order to develop and validate corresponding
simulants.
Wound ballistic testing with tissue simulants cannot be replaced with computer simulation.
Power of evidence and needs of quality assurance require that real bullets must be fired upon
simulated targets. Computer simulation and modelling are, however, important for learning
more about the complex interaction between a projectile and a target. The mathematical
possibilities can far faster help to find better protection and bullet designs than experimental
research only.
Steel spheres have often been used to achieve precise dosage of kinetic energy dissipation
without the unpredictability and added variables of bullet tumbling, deformation and
fragmentation. Too far reaching conclusions from the obtained results should be avoided.Without the effect of tumbling, deformation and fragmentation the spheres show a significant
correlation between the impact energy and tissue destruction [Fackler 1987].
This may have
been occasionally misunderstood as a general law applying to tumbling and deforming bullets
as well.Tissue simulants can be divided into soft tissue, skin, bone and skull simulants. Several
requirements for soft tissue simulants have been presented. [Sellier and Kneubuehl 1994,
Janzon 1997, Berlin et al. 1983, Fackler 1988a and 1988b, Pirlot et al. 2001].
This is from a study done just two years ago(2005) There is nothing so far been done to simulate the different consistancies of the bodies internal organs
(or a agreed upon method of doing so as of yet....Just muscle and skin only, which the only part of the body that would do well to totally simulate would be a side shot though the cheeks of your clinched butt lol)
https://oa.doria.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/2120/woundbal.pdf?sequence=1