That is one hell of and idea that seems extremely plausible for someone to pull the bullets.
Not only is it plausible, it was SOP in the 50s, 60s and 70s during the heyday of imported surplus.
And, per other posts here yes,
it is most definitely corrosive, so I would take out your .303 ASAP and check the bore. The best way to clean corrosive priming is with hot, soapy water, after which normal cleaning procedure may be used.
Corrosive priming consists of potassium perchlorate which leaves potassium chloride salts (sodium chloride's first cousin, aka table salt) in the bore. Residual salts are hygroscopic, meaning they attract moisture. The moisture, in turn, forms oxides with the steel (aka rust). A lot of military ammo was primed with corrosive priming because it has a longer storage life than non-corrosive lead styphnate priming. (Supposedly.)
Since salts are highly soluble in water, the hot soapy water dissolves those residual salts and removes them from your bore.
As I said, don't waste any time in checking the bore of your .303; I could tell you more than one tragic story about .303s that had mint bores until someone fired highly corrosive British ammo in them after being told that ammo made in the 50s was non-corrosive. (One in particular of a friend of mine who bought a mint, unfired No.5 jungle carbine in the 60s and was assured by the idiot gun store owner that RG 55 ammo was non-corrosive.)
Cleaning with the usual petroleum based products DOES NOT WORK.