Hounddawg is right. Some measuring is required. Not resizing to hold a bullet is usually caused by brass being work-hardened to the point it has become springy. Per some recent discussion I've been having with a metallurgist, this will occur at a hardness of about HV-195. Splitting, however, happens even higher up as it tries to exceed about HV-220. A normal factory-new neck is stress-relieved to around HV-105, though a Hornady 308 Win brass neck measurement I have came in at HV-124, the hardest among several brands. It is enough to prevent splitting for several reloads and enough for fire-forming the shoulder significantly, as happens when firing a parent cartridge in an Ackley Improved chamber. I've seen several examples now of 308 Win cases that were fired in a 30-06 chamber and the shoulder and neck just blow out until there is a rounded end with a hole in it, but nothing splits starting out at the normal commercial neck hardness.
Another possibility is having some stress-corrosion cracking near to occurring. As they come from the factory, the stress-relieved necks should be pretty immune to that. But if you resize to straighten the neck and then load them with a bullet to an interference fit, you have begun work hardening the neck and then ammonia vapor can initiate micro-cracks that can become full-on splits at firing. The lab test for this involves exposing the brass to ammonia vapors for four hours and then stressing the brass to see if it cracks or splits prematurely. Properly stress-relieved brass does not, but if you have starting re-work hardening and then expose the brass to ammonia vapor, it could begin. It's unusual but possible. We had a fellow put up a photo of some neck splits on loaded ammunition that he had left in a drawer near a kitty litter box for a year, and just that trace of ammonia was enough. Lots of ammonia and a few hours, or a little ammonia for a long time will do it.
It possible you can get a good clue by measuring a surviving as-fired (not yet resized) case to compare to a new, never-fried case. You are looking for abnormal differences. You want to measure the diameter of the case necks in the middle of the neck, the body diameter where it meets the shoulder, and, if you don't have a good way to measure from the case head to the shoulder at the SAAMI 0.420" basic dimension (datum) diameter, then use a caliper to measure from the case head to both the top and bottom shoulder corners as best your eye can determine their locations. Report all those numbers for both the unfired and fired-but-not-resized cases so we can get a sense of what the brass is experiencing.
One other odd thought: can you specify the light load you were using?