The 44 Mag/44 Special and the .357 Mag/38 Special interchangeability depends on the rifle. The 1873's won't feed two different length cartridges because of the design of the feed system. The elevator will jam if short rounds are used.
The Browning B-92, or a Rossi Winchester 1892 clone is a very effective combo, in 44 Mag. The only reason I haven't mentioned other rounds is because you asked about the .45 Colt.
If I was going to use a lever action carbine, I'd select a good Italian or South American copy of the Winchester 1892 carbine, in 44/40. These short action rifles were designed to work with pistol length cartridges, and don't have the possible feed issues the .45 Colt sometimes does, or the problems of the longer Winchester 1894 rifle action.
If you do some online, or gun shop/pawn shop shopping you can usually find a '92 clone at a reasonable price. The Browning B-92 will cost a bundle but is top of the line. The South American Rossi and the Italian '92 clones are affordable. I'd go for my choice of .44 Mag, 44/40, or 45 Colt. Load it with a good hollow point and practice enough that you're confident you won't short stroke the lever, under stress.
You would be very well armed.