On a floor standing cabinet we marked the hole positions and moved the unit out of the way. Drill holes with masonry bit, slightly oversized for the bolts we were using (1/2"). Fill the hole about halfway with epoxy, liquid steel or a similar adhesive that dries hard. Move cabinet into place, coat the bolts with a thin film of moly lube, drop bolts into hole. The adhesive is displaced by the bolts and fills the hole, surrounds the bolt. Let dry. To remove the safe, either grind off the bolt heads or use a properly sized box wrench with a very long breaker bar.
Similar techniques can be used with a wall-mounted unit, however anchors are probably easier to use (and cleaner).