Ok, here's some points to consider,
Taking a supersonic round (which the .30 carbine is) down below the speed of sound, and doing it from a 16" barrel is tricksy. And isn't going to be done with the usual powders (DO NOT TRY IT with slow powders!)
Next point, besides being about half again heavier, .30-30 bullets are much longer than carbine bullets, so you're going to have to really watch (and figure out) how deep in the case you will need to seat them to keep them off the rifling. Carbine barrels are not noted for having "long" throats.
So the base of the bullet is going to be a lot deeper in the case, meaning you will need to determine a suitable powder that will provide safe pressure in the now seriously reduced powder space. Again, I doubt the powders usually used in the carbine round will safely do that.
In the single shot, you don't have to worry about crimp or cycling the action, so you have some leeway, but you are completely off the map (there is no data for what you want to do), and there be dragons here!!
Mostly they are sleeping, and if you're careful, and thought full you should be able to find a way through without waking them up.
But if you step on one's toes or tail, it will wake up, and not be happy, and odds are high you'll be toast!
Good luck and tread warily. and, Bilbo if there is, in fact, a live dragon down there, try not to waken it!