Lots of folks have argued about this subject without ever actually looking up the 'differences' (actual or perceived).
FWIW, sometimes even talking to the folks at one of the manufacturers may result in dubious or incorrect information being received.
Yes, carbonitriding has been used under various brand names in different places.
The process can vary a bit, depending on the environmental restrictions in place, as well. I seem to remember that the Tenifer process had to change somewhat at some point, eliminating the cyanates (from Cyanide salts used) from the water rinse part of the process .
The Melonite process is commonly offered in 3 steps. The second step (QP) is what I was told S&W uses, since that's the process which can be used with stainless steels, as opposed to the QPQ (extra post-oxidation step) version of the Tenifer version of the carbonitriding treatment which Walther advertises being used on their carbon steel P99 slides & barrels (which used to be listed as Tenifer QPQ in the Walther product description).
Lots of folks will argue about anything, though, and won't let facts distract them from offering their passionate opinions.
This surface heat treating process has been used in one form or another for lots of things, from transmission parts to golf club shafts.
As I remember when I called and spoke to the Springfield folks about the then-new adoption of Melonite treatment on their .45 caliber XD's, I was told they were trying it on their .45's at the time without any immediate plans to extend the treatment to the XD's chambered in other calibers.
The surface hardening is rather tough on the Melonite processed pistols which I've examined, supported, carried and owned.
I didn't ask which vendor S&W uses to treat their slides, barrels and some occasional metal frames. I thought one of the folks said the compnay might be on the West Coast.
Anyway, according to both firearm manufacturers, the treatment specified by S&W results in a surface hardness of 68HRc and the treatment specified by Glock results in a hardness of 64 HRc. Both are good enough for their intended uses by the respective firearms manufacturers, don't you think?
http://burlingtoneng.com/melonite.html
FYI, from the part of the linked website in the thread about the Tenifer treatment:
"Used with a strongly oxidizing cooling bath - TENIFER®-QPQ - wear and corrosion resistant surfaces with an attractive black appearance are produced."
http://www.durferrit.de/en/produkte/waermebehandlung/nitrocarbonitrieren.htm