lead
Interesting that some barrels will lead up, and others won't. I've seen it in other guns including glocks but I've never had it happen in my current lineup of glocks and hks. It must be the composition of the bullet and the lube that creates the problem...hardness, etc. Powder? I use green dot, a slow burn in 9, 40 and 45. I'm fortunate enough to have a cheap supply of handmade bullets from a fellow shooter (don't ask me why he enjoys making 10s of thousands of bullets...)
Don't want to mislead anyone but I clean the barrel only when I do a total strip (all of the parts) of the gun, usually after a couple thousand rounds, when its getting really gunky from the fouling....at this time the barrel doesn't really need cleaning, its a mirror finish, aside from the rest of the mess inside the slide and receiver, the chamber would be the dirtiest part of the barrel.
On the other end, I've seen barrels with quite a bit of buildup after 10 rounds, making me hesitate to shoot them any further.
I guess just know the risks and pay attention to what's happening in your gun.