OK, here is a list I found of all the parts on an AR15. I put a star (*) next to the parts that aren't interchangeable and a dash (-) next to the parts that aren't present in the .308 version. All other parts should interchange.
This is the best I could do with my research, I'm not what most here would call an expert, so feel free to correct me. My point is that there are NO parts that interchange between an M16 and AR 10, but a buttload of parts that interchange between a M110 and an AR 15. Calling the civilian version of the M110 a .308 AR 15 is much more accurate than calling it the name of a rifle which has no commonality with other than caliber and general appearance.
As I stated above, the M110 is the military version of Knight's SR25. DPMS copied the SR25 with a few small changes varying on specific model, so you can't call them an SR25 either, RRA makes their versions with different names and similar concept with alot of common parts with the M16, but the uppers and lowers are different from the SR25, so they can't be called SR 25s either.
I found this website:
http://308ar.com/ and they differentiate the main types of models as SR25, AR10A, AR10B, and .308AR.
You'd learn alot more there I'm sure.
*Stripped Upper receiver
*ejection port cover
detent ball
ejection port cover spring
*ejection port cover pin
pin retaining ring
-forward assist plunger
-pawl spring pin
-forward assist pawl (w/ pawl spring and detent)
-forward assist spring
-forward assist spring pin
*barrel
gas block (different gas blocks mount differently i.e. taper pins or screws)
handguard cap (if using two piece handguards)
flash suppressor or muzzle brake (peel washer/lock washer/crush washer depending on type)
delta ring assembly (if using two piece handguards)
handguard snap ring
weld spring
delta ring
barrel nut
gas tube (length dependant on barrel)
gas tube roll pin
handguards
*Charging handle stripped
charging handle latch
latch pin
latch spring
*bolt carrier
*firing pin
*firing pin retaining pin
*cam pin
*gas rings (3)
*bolt
*extractor
*extractor spring
*extractor spring insert (or o-ring)
*extractor pin
*ejector
*ejector roll pin
*ejector spring
*Stripped lower
pistol grip
lock washer
pistol grip screw
safety detent spring
safety detent
*takedown pin
takedown pin detent (need 2, also the pivot pin detent)
takedown pin detent spring (need 2, also the pivot pin detent spring)
buffer retainer
buffer retainer spring
hammer w/ j pin (j pin keeps your hammer pin from drifting)
hammer spring
safety selector
bolt catch
bolt catch roll pin
bolt catch plunger
bolt catch plunger spring
magazine catch
pivot pin
disconnector spring
disconnector
trigger
trigger spring
-trigger guard
-trigger guard pivot roll pin
magazine release button
magazine catch spring
hammer/trigger pin (need 2)
IF CARBINE:
buffer tube
receiver end plate
castle nut
*carbine length buffer spring
*carbine buffer
carbine stock
IF RIFLE:
rifle length buffer tube
*rifle length buffer spring
*rifle buffer
stock