No, I wouldn't ever fire anything in a firearm except that ammunition for which it is specifically chambered, or .38 Special in .357 Magnum, or .44 Special in .44 Magnum, .45 Long Colt in .454 Casull, etc.
No
A 9mm Parabellum shoots a .355 bullet, the 9mm Makarov shoots a .362 bullet 9mm Cartridges of the World: Past and Present Long read, but it will answer most of your questions on interchangeablity and why not
9x18 (the Russian one) is actually a larger diameter than 9x19 and .380 - so it won't fit in the chamber of a 9x19 gun.
.380 will fit and fire in a 9x19 gun, but won't cycle the action completely. It is also not so good for the barrel.
Generally, similar rounds are made in such a way that the more powerful one won't fit in guns chambered for the lesser round. .38 and .357 are good examples, as well.
I have some suspicians about 9x19 and Makarovs, but I would need to tinker before we go down that street.
Might try 9x18 Ultra(Police). It's got a .355 bullet which should be an "adequate" fit in a 9x19 pistol, at least for a couple of shots. Wouldn't try it though on a .380 pistol. Even with the mild Geco load, the gun might KB.
Of course don't mix n' match like that. Burgers with burgers, cheeseburgers with cheeseburgers.
Don't ever put a round in anything except what it is designed for. Check out makarov.com. People have lost fingers and eyes pulling such stunts. It's not worth it.