Not sure about the pressure, but I drive 140 grain Noslers at 2860 fps(chronographed) out of a 22 inch barrel in a Ruger 77. Compare it to a 270 or 30-06. Close enough? You're right, it's pretty serious stuff.
As for number of locking lugs, I have never seen a 7X57 in a rifle with a single locking lug, unless you count Remington rolling blocks. Doesn't mean they're not out there somewhere. 93 and 95 Mausers had 2 lugs, 98s and variants (1908, 1909, 1928, 1935, et al) have 3 lugs (2 front, 1 rear). Mostly, I guess people are just scared of the old metal in a lot of those rifles. Dunno, I shot a 1893 until I got tired of it, switched to a 1935 Chilean until I needed some money. Best one I ever had was a 93 that had been sanitized (no serial #, no crest, no inspector marks) by someone who knew what they were doing, I suspect some government types. Shot them all with milsurp ammo from SARCO, 154 grain at 2750 fps. Pretty stout load, never had a problem. Of course, the Remington rolling blocks still give me the willys just thinking about it, so I never shot one of those in 7X57. But I've seen them.