Jim Watson,
The rifle may be produced after 1899, so long as it wasnt a new design. The ammo may fit a rifle produced after 1899, as long as it won't fit one designed after 1899 (like the '86 Lebel cartridge, which also fits an M-1915 Berthier).
The 4473 question was answered for me about 8 months ago, but I have forgotten the specifics and will need to ask again.
How faithful a reproduction does a "replica" need to be to in fact be a replica? Good question, but I won't get to ask until after the holidays. Uberti actions have been considered as well.
While Mauser 98s and Win. M-95s have been considered, the handloaded nature of the project has made the 1885 rifles tops in consideration due to a single shot's encouraged brass retention. Smokeless loadings of 38-56 were even considered at first (formed from .45-70 brass)... but the lack of lighter .375 spire point bullets killed it.
A sharps? My friend is a good enough shot to be less than appreciative of its excessive lock time...but the cool factor is there for sure. He may even go the "buffalo rifle" route for elk... or all big game...but let's not dive down that path just yet.
I am simply less secure in my knowledge of 8x57J, and while I know exactly WHAT it is, I believe (perhaps erroniously) that sporting rifles continued to be chambered for it right up 'till WWI. If not it would be absolutely ideal, as my friend lives in antelope, deer, elk, and moose country...but again I'm too uncertain of it's exact history. Remember, no new models, only pre-1900 and replicas thereof.
Thank you for taking this challenging question seriously. I appreciate all the input, and especially some of the good questions. I'm sure my friend will, too.