A short story,,--well maybe a short book related to this thread;
.308 in a .280.
My nephew chambered and fired a .308 shell in his rem-7400 .280. The rifle took the round with no ill effects to the rifle. The shell was stuck pretty firmly in the chamber, but a solid cleaning rod removed it. I pulled the rifle down to inspect every aspect of it including removing the barrel and detailed inspection of the bolt, chamber, and receiver. Reassembled, it functioned normally, with normal accuracy.
The .308 will chamber just fine in a .280 chamber, the bullet jams into the neck area of the .280 chamber. The pressure must have been real high, it speaks volumes to the strength of the 7400 action. His wife had a m-100 Winchester at that time, one of her shells ended up in his rifle. He's not the brightest penny in the pocket, so he didn't notice the obvious difference in the shells.
I mention that story because it's very possible to chamber and fire that combo. The 30-06 in a .270 is not possible!
The 30-06 and the .270 are nearly identical in length. To get a 30 cal. bullet and neck into a 27 cal. chamber would require enormous pressure, more than could possibly be exerted by a hand on a bolt. Even when pumped up by buck fever!