Wisconsin, with its diverse landscape of forests, woodlands, and urban areas, provides a suitable habitat for several squirrel species. Identifying these furry residents can add another layer of enjoyment to your outdoor adventures or even your backyard observations. This guide will delve into the most common types of squirrels found in the Badger State, highlighting their distinguishing features and habitats.
Common Squirrels of Wisconsin
While several species might make a fleeting appearance, a few consistently call Wisconsin home. Let's explore them:
1. American Red Squirrel ( Tamiasciurus hudsonicus)
The American Red Squirrel, also known as the Chickaree, is a highly adaptable and energetic squirrel easily recognized by its reddish-brown fur, white underparts, and characteristic ear tufts, particularly prominent in winter. They are smaller than their gray counterparts, with a body length ranging from 8 to 12 inches.
- Habitat: These squirrels thrive in coniferous and mixed forests, often inhabiting areas with dense vegetation offering cover and ample food sources. You'll find them across Wisconsin, particularly in northern regions.
- Diet: Their diet is primarily composed of seeds, nuts (especially conifers), fungi, and insects. They are known for their caching behavior, storing food for later consumption.
- Distinguishing Features: Their smaller size, reddish-brown fur, and prominent ear tufts are key identifiers.
2. Eastern Gray Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis)
The Eastern Gray Squirrel is a familiar sight in many Wisconsin communities, thriving in both urban parks and rural woodlands. Their size and coloration are quite variable, but they are typically larger than red squirrels with a grey coat, although black and even white morphs exist.
- Habitat: These adaptable squirrels are found in a variety of habitats, including deciduous and mixed forests, parks, and even suburban areas with ample tree cover. They are found throughout Wisconsin.
- Diet: Primarily herbivorous, their diet consists of nuts, acorns, seeds, buds, and fruits. They also consume insects occasionally.
- Distinguishing Features: Larger size compared to red squirrels, typically gray fur (though color variation exists), and a more bushy tail are key differentiators.
3. Fox Squirrel (Sciurus niger)
The Fox Squirrel is the largest tree squirrel found in Wisconsin. Distinguished by its larger size and often reddish or grayish-brown fur, it boasts a large, bushy tail.
- Habitat: Fox squirrels prefer larger trees and open woodlands, often found in more mature forests with a mix of tree species. Their presence is less widespread than gray squirrels.
- Diet: Their diet mirrors that of the gray squirrel, consisting mainly of nuts, seeds, fruits, and buds.
- Distinguishing Features: Their significantly larger size, reddish or grayish-brown coat, and large, bushy tail make them easily identifiable.
4. Southern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys volans)
While not as commonly sighted as the other species mentioned, the Southern Flying Squirrel is a nocturnal species found in Wisconsin's forests. This small squirrel possesses a patagium, a membrane stretching between its limbs, enabling it to glide between trees.
- Habitat: They inhabit wooded areas with mature trees, relying on tree cavities for nests.
- Diet: Primarily insectivorous and frugivorous, consuming insects, fungi, nuts, and fruits.
- Distinguishing Features: Small size, large eyes (adapted for nocturnal vision), and the ability to glide are unique identifiers. Spotting them requires nighttime observation.
Tips for Identifying Squirrels in Wisconsin
Observing squirrels in their natural habitat can be a rewarding experience. Pay close attention to:
- Size: Compare the squirrel's size to familiar objects like your hand.
- Fur Color: Note the overall color and any distinctive markings.
- Tail: Observe the tail's length, shape, and busyness.
- Ear Tufts: The presence or absence of prominent ear tufts is a useful identifier.
- Behavior: Observe their movements and foraging habits.
By carefully observing these characteristics, you can confidently identify the various squirrel species enriching Wisconsin's diverse wildlife. Remember to always observe from a respectful distance and appreciate these fascinating creatures in their natural environment.
