The thrill of turkey hunting is undeniable, and choosing the right ammunition is critical for a successful hunt. This guide dives deep into 20-gauge turkey shot, exploring its advantages, disadvantages, and helping you select the perfect load for your next spring or fall hunt.
Why Choose 20 Gauge for Turkey Hunting?
The 20 gauge offers a compelling alternative to the more popular 12 gauge for several reasons:
- Reduced Recoil: For many hunters, especially those new to the sport or with smaller builds, the lighter recoil of a 20 gauge is a significant advantage. This leads to improved accuracy and follow-up shots, crucial when hunting elusive turkeys.
- Lighter Weight: A lighter shotgun is easier to carry throughout the day, reducing fatigue and improving your overall hunting experience. This is particularly beneficial during long hunts in challenging terrain.
- More Manageable for Youth Hunters: The reduced recoil and lighter weight make the 20 gauge an excellent choice for introducing younger hunters to the sport. It allows them to handle the firearm safely and effectively.
- Improved Pattern Density (with the right ammo): While some might assume 12-gauge always wins in pattern density, modern 20-gauge turkey loads often deliver surprisingly tight patterns at close to moderate ranges—perfect for ethical and effective shots.
Choosing the Right 20 Gauge Turkey Shot Load:
Selecting the appropriate ammunition is key to a successful hunt. Consider these factors:
Shot Size:
- No. 4 and No. 5 Shot: These sizes offer a good balance between penetration and pattern density. They are versatile choices for both spring and fall hunting. No. 4 is generally preferred for longer shots, while No. 5 is suitable for closer ranges.
- No. 6 Shot: This smaller shot size is best for very close-range shots, where its higher pellet count increases the chances of a lethal hit. It sacrifices some penetration.
Shot Type:
- Lead Shot: While effective, lead shot is increasingly restricted or banned in many areas. Check your local regulations before purchasing.
- Hevi-Shot, Tungsten-Iron, or other Tungsten-based Shot: These premium shot types offer superior density, resulting in better penetration and lethality at longer ranges, often compensating for the 20 gauge's smaller bore size. They come at a premium price, though.
Choke Tube:
The choke tube significantly impacts shot pattern density. For 20-gauge turkey hunting, a full choke or extra-full choke is generally recommended to achieve a tight pattern for increased accuracy.
Understanding Effective Range and Ethical Hunting:
Knowing your shotgun's effective range with your chosen load is paramount. While a 20-gauge can deliver lethal shots, it's crucial to understand its limitations. Practice extensively at various distances to determine your personal effective range. Always prioritize ethical hunting practices and only take shots you're confident you can make cleanly and humanely.
Beyond the Basics: Factors to Consider
- Ammunition Manufacturer: Different manufacturers have varying reputations for quality and consistency. Research different brands and read reviews before committing to a specific load.
- Your Shotgun's Pattern: Pattern your shotgun with your chosen load and choke to understand its performance. This is crucial for determining your effective range and ensuring consistent accuracy.
- Hunting Conditions: Weather, visibility, and terrain can all influence your shot placement. Consider these factors when selecting your ammunition.
Conclusion:
The 20 gauge offers a potent and often overlooked option for turkey hunters. By carefully considering shot size, shot type, choke tube, and practicing diligently, you can maximize your chances of a successful and ethical hunt. Remember to always prioritize safety and adhere to all applicable hunting regulations.
