Navigating the world of background checks in the USA can feel overwhelming. This guide aims to clarify the process, focusing on the scope and limitations of what's typically included in a standard background check, often referred to as a "consumer report." We'll explore what information is commonly included, and importantly, what is usually excluded.
What Information is Typically Included in a US Background Check?
A standard background check in the USA typically pulls information from several sources, aiming to provide a comprehensive (though not exhaustive) overview of an individual's history. Key areas covered generally include:
1. Criminal History Records
This is often the most scrutinized portion of a background check. It searches for felony and misdemeanor convictions at the county, state, and sometimes federal levels. The depth of this search varies depending on the type of check and the reporting agency. Keep in mind that:
- Arrests without convictions are not always included. A background check usually focuses on convictions, not simply arrests.
- Expunged or sealed records may not appear. Legal processes can remove certain criminal records from public access.
- State variations exist. The accessibility and completeness of criminal records vary significantly between states.
2. Civil Records
This section may include information on bankruptcies, judgments, liens, and other civil actions filed against the individual. This offers a glimpse into their financial history and legal involvement outside the criminal justice system. Note that the inclusion of civil records depends on the scope of the check requested.
3. Employment Verification
Many background checks involve contacting previous employers to verify employment history, dates of employment, and job titles. This helps confirm the accuracy of information provided by the applicant.
4. Education Verification
Similar to employment verification, educational background checks can confirm degrees earned and institutions attended. This typically involves contacting the educational institution directly.
What Information is Typically NOT Included in a Standard US Background Check?
It’s crucial to understand the limitations of standard background checks. Several pieces of information are often excluded:
- Social Media Activity: While increasingly relevant, standard background checks typically do not delve into social media profiles.
- Financial Details (Beyond Civil Records): Detailed bank account information or credit scores are usually outside the scope of a standard check, unless specifically requested under certain circumstances (like for a loan application).
- Mental Health Records: Protected Health Information (PHI) under HIPAA regulations is generally inaccessible to background check companies.
- Detailed Medical History: Medical information is considered private and protected.
- Driving Records (Often Separate): Driving records are usually accessed separately through a Motor Vehicle Report (MVR).
The Importance of Understanding the Scope
The accuracy and comprehensiveness of a background check depend heavily on the specific type of check ordered, the reporting agency used, and the individual's history. Always understand the limitations of the report and don't rely solely on it for crucial decisions. Furthermore, always ensure compliance with relevant federal and state laws regarding background checks, as unauthorized access to personal information can lead to serious consequences. For detailed information, consulting a legal professional is highly recommended.
