Is a .308 Winchester Long or Short Action?
The simple answer is: .308 Winchester is a short-action cartridge.
This often causes confusion among new shooters, as the term "long action" might seem to imply larger cartridges. However, the "action" refers to the length of the receiver in the rifle, specifically how much space is needed to accommodate the cartridge's overall length. Short-action rifles are designed to handle cartridges with a shorter overall length, while long-action rifles handle longer cartridges.
Let's delve deeper into why the .308 Winchester is classified as a short action:
Understanding Cartridge Length and Action Type
The overall length of a cartridge includes the case length, bullet length, and the amount of space the bullet takes up in the cartridge case. Cartridges with longer overall lengths require a longer action to reliably feed and extract the round.
The .308 Winchester, with its relatively short case length, is comfortably housed within a short action. This means the bolt face, the mechanism that holds the cartridge in place during firing, and the overall receiver design are optimized for cartridges of its size.
Common Misconceptions
The confusion often stems from the fact that the .308 Winchester is a very popular and versatile round, often compared to larger, more powerful cartridges. These larger cartridges, such as the .30-06 Springfield, are indeed long-action rounds.
This comparison can lead people to mistakenly assume that because the .308 Winchester is a powerful and widely used round, it must require a long action. However, the physical dimensions of the cartridge itself dictate the action type, not its power or popularity.
Short Action vs. Long Action: Key Differences
Here's a table summarizing the key differences:
| Feature | Short Action (.308 Winchester) | Long Action (.30-06 Springfield) |
|---|---|---|
| Receiver Length | Shorter | Longer |
| Cartridge Length | Shorter | Longer |
| Examples of Cartridges | .308 Winchester, .243 Winchester, 7.62x39mm | .30-06 Springfield, .300 Winchester Magnum, 7mm Remington Magnum |
Choosing the Right Action for Your Needs
Understanding the difference between short and long actions is crucial when selecting a rifle. Trying to use a short-action cartridge in a long-action rifle might not be a problem (although it will leave excess space), but using a long-action cartridge in a short-action rifle is almost guaranteed to cause malfunctions. Always double-check the rifle's specifications to ensure compatibility with your chosen ammunition.
In conclusion, the .308 Winchester is a short-action cartridge, making it compatible with rifles designed for short-action cartridges. Remember to always consult your rifle's manufacturer specifications to ensure safe and proper operation.
