Proper lubrication is crucial for the reliable function and longevity of your AR-15. Neglecting this essential maintenance can lead to malfunctions, increased wear and tear, and ultimately, damage to your firearm. This guide provides a detailed, step-by-step process for effectively lubricating your AR-15, ensuring its smooth operation and extending its lifespan.
Understanding AR-15 Lubrication Needs
Before we dive into the how-to, let's clarify why lubrication is so important. The AR-15, like any firearm, experiences friction during operation. This friction generates heat and can lead to:
- Increased Wear: Friction wears down metal components, reducing accuracy and potentially causing malfunctions.
- Increased Fouling: Without lubrication, carbon and other residue build up faster, hindering operation and requiring more frequent cleaning.
- Malfunctions: Insufficient lubrication can cause parts to bind, leading to jams and failures.
- Corrosion: Lack of lubrication increases the risk of rust and corrosion, particularly in humid environments.
Choosing the right lubricant is just as important as the application process. Look for gun-specific lubricants designed to withstand high temperatures and resist washing away. Avoid using general-purpose oils or greases, as they may attract more dirt and debris.
Essential Tools and Materials
Before you begin, gather the necessary tools and materials:
- AR-15 specific lubricant: Choose a high-quality gun oil or grease.
- Clean patches or cotton swabs: For applying lubricant and cleaning excess.
- Clean, lint-free cloth: For wiping down excess lubricant.
- Small container: To hold your lubricant. (Optional but helpful)
Step-by-Step Lubrication Process
This process assumes your AR-15 has been thoroughly cleaned and inspected. Never lubricate a dirty firearm.
1. Disassembly (Partial): Disassemble your AR-15 to the extent necessary to access key friction points. This typically includes:
- Upper Receiver: Remove the bolt carrier group (BCG).
- Bolt Carrier Group (BCG): Separate the bolt and carrier.
- Gas Key: Inspect for proper staking, as this is critical to safety.
- Cam Pin: Ensure the cam pin is lubricated properly.
2. Lubrication Points:
- Bolt: Apply a small amount of lubricant to the bolt lugs, locking lugs, and the firing pin. Avoid excessive lubrication.
- Bolt Carrier: Lubricate the rails of the bolt carrier and the areas that contact the upper receiver.
- Cam Pin: Apply a thin layer of lubricant to the cam pin.
- Gas Key: Apply a small amount of lubricant to the gas key screws and to the area where the gas key makes contact with the bolt carrier.
- Extension Tube: Apply lubricant to the inside and outside of the buffer tube.
- Buffer Spring: Apply a very light coat of lubricant.
- Upper and Lower Receivers: Apply a thin film of lubricant to any contacting surfaces and rails where the upper and lower receivers meet. (This is often overdone by new users).
3. Reassembly: Carefully reassemble your AR-15, paying attention to the proper alignment of all components. Avoid forcing any parts.
4. Function Check: After reassembly, cycle the action a few times to ensure smooth operation. If you encounter any resistance, revisit the lubrication process and check for any misalignments.
5. Clean Up: Wipe away any excess lubricant to prevent attracting dirt and debris.
Frequency of Lubrication
The frequency of lubrication depends on several factors, including the environment, use, and type of ammunition. As a general rule:
- After each cleaning: Lubricate your AR-15 after every thorough cleaning.
- After each range session: A light lubrication after shooting is advisable to replace lubricant that may have been burned off.
- Before storage: Lubricate your rifle before storing it, particularly in humid environments, to prevent corrosion.
Conclusion
Proper lubrication is essential for maintaining the performance and reliability of your AR-15. By following the steps outlined in this guide and using a high-quality lubricant, you can ensure that your firearm functions smoothly and safely for years to come. Remember, consistency and attention to detail are key to keeping your AR-15 in top condition. Always consult your owner's manual for specific recommendations from the manufacturer.
