How Long Do Shotgun Shells Last? A Comprehensive Guide to Shelf Life and Storage
Shotgun shells, like any ammunition, have a shelf life. Understanding how long they remain effective and how to properly store them is crucial for safety and reliable performance. This guide explores the factors influencing shotgun shell longevity and provides practical advice for maintaining your ammunition.
Factors Affecting Shotgun Shell Shelf Life
Several factors contribute to the degradation of shotgun shells over time:
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Temperature: Extreme heat and cold are the biggest enemies of ammunition. High temperatures can accelerate the deterioration of the powder, leading to potential misfires or dangerous pressure increases. Freezing temperatures can cause damage to the shell casing and primers. Ideally, store shells in a cool, dry place with temperatures between 50°F and 70°F (10°C and 21°C).
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Humidity: Moisture is another significant concern. High humidity can cause corrosion of the shell casing and primers, rendering the shells unusable. Properly sealed containers are essential to keep moisture away from your ammunition.
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Exposure to Sunlight: Direct sunlight can also degrade the components of shotgun shells. UV radiation can break down the powder and the casing, impacting their performance and safety.
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Type of Shell: Different types of shotgun shells, such as those with steel shot versus lead shot, or those with different powder types, may have slightly different shelf lives. Generally, however, the principles of storage remain the same.
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Manufacturer and Storage Practices: The quality control and materials used by the manufacturer will play a part in the shell's longevity. Proper storage practices, from the manufacturer to the end-user, greatly influence how long the shells will remain functional.
How Long Can You Expect Shotgun Shells to Last?
While there isn't a single definitive answer, generally, shotgun shells stored under ideal conditions can remain usable for 10-20 years. However, this is just an estimate. After this timeframe, there's an increased risk of:
- Misfires: The propellant may degrade, preventing the shell from igniting reliably.
- Squibs: A weak ignition may result in a squib load, where the projectile doesn't leave the barrel. This poses a serious safety hazard.
- Increased Pressure: Degraded powder can lead to unexpectedly high pressures, potentially damaging the firearm and causing injury.
Testing Your Shotgun Shells: When to Replace
Testing old shells is not recommended, as attempting to fire potentially degraded ammunition is dangerous. However, a visual inspection can provide some clues. Look for:
- Corrosion: Rust or pitting on the casing is a clear sign of degradation.
- Damaged Primers: Check the primers for any signs of damage or corrosion.
- Powder Condition: While you can't see inside the shell, a visual inspection of the outside for signs of leaking powder or discoloration can indicate potential problems.
If you find any of these signs, dispose of the shells safely. Never attempt to fire questionable ammunition.
Best Practices for Storing Shotgun Shells
To maximize the shelf life of your shotgun shells:
- Cool, Dry, and Dark Location: Choose a storage location that is cool, dry, and away from direct sunlight.
- Sealed Containers: Store shells in airtight, moisture-proof containers, such as ammo cans or plastic storage bins with airtight seals.
- Regular Inspection: Periodically check your stored ammunition for signs of deterioration.
- Organize by Date: Keep track of when you purchased the shells to easily identify the oldest ones.
- Avoid Extreme Temperatures: Don't store shells in attics, basements, or garages that are prone to extreme temperature fluctuations.
By following these guidelines, you can ensure your shotgun shells remain safe and reliable for years to come. Remember, safety always comes first when handling firearms and ammunition. If you have any doubts about the condition of your shells, err on the side of caution and dispose of them safely according to local regulations.
