The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) Form 4473, "Firearm Transaction Record," is a crucial document in the United States' firearm acquisition process. Understanding how to correctly fill out this form is essential for both licensed firearms dealers and purchasers. Incorrectly completing this form can lead to delays, legal complications, and even criminal charges. This guide provides a detailed walkthrough, clarifying each section and offering best practices for accurate completion.
Understanding the Purpose of Form 4473
Form 4473 serves as a record of a firearm transaction between a licensed firearms dealer (FFL) and a purchaser. It's designed to ensure compliance with federal law, specifically the Gun Control Act of 1968, by verifying the purchaser's eligibility to own a firearm. The information collected helps the ATF track firearms and prevent their acquisition by prohibited persons.
Key Sections of Form 4473 and How to Fill Them Out
The form is divided into several sections, each requiring precise and truthful answers. Failure to provide accurate information is a federal offense.
Part 1: Buyer Information
This section collects personal identifying information about the purchaser. Accuracy is paramount here.
- Name: Enter your full legal name as it appears on your government-issued identification.
- Address: Provide your complete and current residential address. This is crucial for background check verification.
- Date of Birth: Enter your date of birth accurately.
- Place of Birth: Specify your city and state of birth.
- Social Security Number (SSN): Enter your full SSN.
- Driver's License/State ID Number: Provide the number and issuing state of your valid driver's license or state-issued identification card.
- Other Identification: If you don't have a driver's license or state ID, list other forms of identification, such as a passport.
Part 2: Questions Regarding Eligibility
This is the most critical section. Answering truthfully and accurately is mandatory. Lying on this form is a serious federal crime. Each question requires careful consideration. If you are unsure about any question, consult with a legal professional before proceeding. Key questions include:
- Are you an unlawful user of, or addicted to, marijuana or any controlled substance? This includes prescription drugs used illegally.
- Have you ever been adjudicated as a mental defective or been committed to any mental institution? This refers to court rulings and involuntary commitments.
- Have you ever been discharged from the Armed Forces under dishonorable conditions? This requires honesty about your military history.
- Are you subject to a court order that restrains you from harassing, stalking, or threatening your child or an intimate partner? This addresses domestic violence restraining orders.
- Have you ever been convicted in any court of a misdemeanor crime of domestic violence? This covers specific misdemeanor offenses related to domestic violence.
- Are you an alien illegally or unlawfully in the United States? This assesses immigration status.
- Have you ever renounced your United States citizenship? This question addresses citizenship status.
Part 3: Firearm Information
This section details the firearm being purchased.
- Type of Firearm: Accurately identify the type (e.g., handgun, shotgun, rifle).
- Caliber/Gauge: Specify the caliber or gauge of the firearm.
- Manufacturer: State the manufacturer's name.
- Model: List the model number of the firearm.
- Serial Number: Record the serial number exactly as it appears on the firearm.
Part 4: Dealer Information
This section is completed by the licensed firearms dealer. It includes the dealer's information and the date of the transaction.
Importance of Accuracy and Legal Counsel
The information provided on Form 4473 is meticulously reviewed during the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS) process. Inaccuracies or falsehoods can result in significant legal repercussions. If you have any questions or concerns about your eligibility to purchase a firearm, it's strongly recommended to consult with a legal professional specializing in firearms law before completing the form.
Conclusion
Form 4473 is a legally binding document. Accurate and honest completion is crucial for both the purchaser and the licensed dealer. This detailed guide aims to assist in understanding the process, but it is not a substitute for legal advice. Always seek professional counsel if you have any doubts or questions regarding the form or the firearm acquisition process.
