The AR-15 platform, while renowned for its reliability, can sometimes experience feeding malfunctions. A "failure to feed" (FTF) occurs when a round fails to properly chamber from the magazine. This frustrating issue can stem from various sources, hindering accurate and rapid fire. Understanding the common causes and troubleshooting steps is crucial for any AR-15 owner. This guide will delve into the mechanics of feeding, common culprits behind FTFs, and effective solutions.
Understanding the AR-15 Feeding Mechanism
Before tackling troubleshooting, it's essential to grasp the AR-15's feeding process. The bolt carrier group (BCG) reciprocates, extracting a spent casing and stripping a new round from the magazine. The round then travels up the magazine's feed lips, guided by the bolt's cam pin and the magazine's geometry, before entering the chamber. Any interruption in this intricate sequence can lead to a failure to feed.
Common Causes of AR-15 Failure to Feed
Several factors can contribute to an AR-15's failure to feed. Let's explore some of the most frequent culprits:
1. Magazine Issues:
- Bent or Damaged Feed Lips: The magazine's feed lips guide the rounds into the chamber. Bent or damaged lips can misalign rounds, causing feeding problems. Inspect your magazines carefully for any deformities.
- Worn or Damaged Magazine Followers: A worn or damaged follower can impede round alignment and feeding. A stiff or improperly functioning follower may also contribute to FTF issues.
- Overloaded Magazines: Overfilling a magazine can cause rounds to bind, preventing smooth feeding. Always load magazines to their recommended capacity.
- Incorrect Magazine Type: Using a magazine not designed for your specific AR-15 variant might lead to feeding issues. Ensure compatibility between the magazine and your rifle.
2. Ammunition Problems:
- Improper Ammunition: Using ammunition that's not designed for your AR-15 (e.g., incorrect cartridge type or overly dirty rounds) can cause malfunctions.
- Damaged or Deformed Ammunition: Rounds with damaged cases or bullets can easily cause feeding problems. Inspect your ammunition visually before use.
- Weak Primer Strikes: While not strictly a feeding issue, weak primer strikes can cause rounds to fail to ignite and create jams that might be mistaken for feeding problems.
3. Rifle Issues:
- Gas System Problems: Problems in the gas system can cause the BCG to not cycle properly, affecting feeding. This could be due to insufficient gas, a dirty gas tube, or a malfunctioning gas key.
- Bolt Carrier Group Issues: A damaged or dirty BCG can hinder proper feeding. Ensure the BCG is clean and lubricated, and inspect it for any damage.
- Improper Bolt Alignment: Misalignment of the bolt can prevent it from stripping rounds effectively.
- Dirty or Damaged Upper and Lower Receivers: Buildup of dirt, debris, or damage in the receivers can interfere with the feeding process. Regular cleaning is vital.
Troubleshooting and Prevention
Addressing FTF issues involves a systematic approach. Start with the simplest solutions and gradually move to more complex ones:
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Inspect the Ammunition and Magazine: Begin by checking for damaged ammunition or faulty magazines. Try different magazines with known good ammunition.
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Clean Your Rifle: Thoroughly clean your AR-15, paying close attention to the BCG, gas tube, and receiver. Use a suitable cleaning solvent and lubricant.
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Check for Damaged Parts: Inspect the feed lips, magazine follower, bolt, and other components for any damage or wear.
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Test Different Ammunition: If possible, try a different type of ammunition to rule out ammunition-related problems.
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Consider Professional Help: If the problem persists, consult a qualified gunsmith for further diagnosis and repair.
By systematically addressing these potential causes and employing preventative measures like regular cleaning and maintenance, you can minimize the risk of failure to feed and maintain the reliability of your AR-15. Remember, firearm safety is paramount; always handle your weapons responsibly and follow all applicable safety regulations.
