The double barrel 20 gauge shotgun holds a special place in the hearts of many shotgun enthusiasts. Its classic design, reliability, and versatility make it a popular choice for everything from hunting upland game birds to clay target shooting. But choosing the right double barrel 20 gauge requires understanding its nuances and features. This comprehensive guide delves into the world of double barrel 20 gauge shotguns, covering everything from their history and mechanics to choosing the right one for your needs.
The Allure of the Double Barrel 20 Gauge
The double barrel shotgun, particularly in 20 gauge, offers a unique shooting experience. Its compact size and manageable recoil make it ideal for smaller-statured shooters or those who prefer a lighter firearm. The 20 gauge offers a good balance between power and manageable recoil, making it suitable for a wide variety of applications. Unlike semi-automatic or pump-action shotguns, the double barrel's simplicity and reliability are unmatched. There are no complex mechanisms to malfunction, making it a dependable choice in any situation.
History and Heritage
Double barrel shotguns have a rich history, dating back centuries. Their development mirrors the evolution of firearms technology, with early models evolving into the refined and elegant designs we see today. The 20 gauge, a smaller bore than the 12 gauge, gained popularity due to its reduced recoil and suitability for smaller game. This made it a favorite among hunters seeking a more manageable firearm without sacrificing stopping power.
Understanding the Mechanics of a Double Barrel 20 Gauge
The mechanics of a double barrel shotgun are relatively straightforward. It features two barrels side-by-side, each capable of firing a single shot. These barrels are usually connected by a sturdy frame, which also houses the firing mechanism. Key features to understand include:
Barrel Type:
- Side-by-Side: The most common configuration, with barrels positioned parallel to each other.
- Over-and-Under: Less common in 20 gauge double barrels, but still available, featuring one barrel stacked on top of the other.
Actions:
- Sidelock: A more traditional design where the locks (firing mechanisms) are located on the sides of the receiver. Often associated with higher-end, handcrafted shotguns.
- Boxlock: A more modern and compact design with the locks integrated into the receiver. Typically found in more affordable models.
Choke Tubes:
Choke tubes restrict the shot pattern, allowing for tighter or wider spreads depending on the target. Understanding choke constrictions (like Cylinder, Improved Cylinder, Modified, and Full) is vital for optimizing your shotgun's performance for different shooting situations.
Choosing the Right Double Barrel 20 Gauge for You
Selecting the perfect double barrel 20 gauge requires considering several factors:
Intended Use:
- Hunting: Consider the type of game you’ll be hunting. Upland bird hunting often calls for lighter loads and possibly tighter chokes.
- Clay Target Shooting: A lighter weight and possibly a more open choke might be preferable.
- Sporting Clays: This may require a more versatile shotgun with interchangeable choke tubes.
Budget:
Prices range significantly, from more affordable models to high-end, bespoke shotguns. Determine your budget before you start shopping.
Stock and Fit:
Proper stock fit is crucial for comfort and accuracy. Consider the length of pull, drop at comb, and cast to ensure a proper fit.
Overall Condition (if buying used):
If purchasing a used double barrel, carefully inspect it for any signs of wear, damage, or rust. A qualified gunsmith can help assess the condition.
Maintaining Your Double Barrel 20 Gauge
Proper maintenance is key to prolonging the life and reliability of your double barrel 20 gauge. This includes:
- Regular Cleaning: Clean the barrels thoroughly after each use to remove residue.
- Lubrication: Keep moving parts lubricated to prevent rust and ensure smooth operation.
- Storage: Store the shotgun in a cool, dry place to prevent rust and corrosion.
Conclusion
The double barrel 20 gauge shotgun represents a classic and reliable design that continues to be appreciated by shooters worldwide. By understanding its features, mechanics, and the considerations involved in choosing the right one for your needs, you can enjoy years of safe and enjoyable shooting. Remember always to prioritize safety and handle firearms responsibly. Consult with experienced shooters and gunsmiths to further your knowledge and make informed decisions.
