Shotgun shells, like any ammunition, have a shelf life. Understanding how and why shotgun shells degrade is crucial for responsible firearm ownership and ensuring your equipment performs reliably when you need it most. This guide will explore the factors influencing the lifespan of your shotgun shells, providing practical advice on proper storage and identifying signs of deterioration.
How Long Do Shotgun Shells Last?
The lifespan of shotgun shells isn't a fixed number of years. Several factors influence how long they remain reliable, including:
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Manufacturing Date: While not always explicitly printed on the shell, the manufacturing date (or lot number allowing date determination) is a key indicator. Older shells are more likely to degrade. Check the manufacturer's website or contact them for assistance in deciphering markings.
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Storage Conditions: This is arguably the most significant factor. Improper storage can drastically shorten the shelf life of your ammunition.
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Shell Type: Different shell compositions and constructions will exhibit varying levels of degradation over time. For example, shells with certain powder types might be more susceptible to changes than others.
Generally, under ideal storage conditions, shotgun shells can retain their reliability for 5-10 years, or even longer in some cases. However, it's crucial to remember that this is a guideline, not a guarantee.
Factors Affecting Shotgun Shell Degradation:
Several environmental factors can negatively impact the performance and safety of your shotgun shells:
Temperature and Humidity:
- Extreme heat: High temperatures accelerate the breakdown of gunpowder and primers, leading to potential misfires or hangfires (delayed ignition).
- High humidity: Moisture can corrode the brass casings and damage the powder, potentially causing malfunctions or even dangerous pressure build-up.
- Freezing temperatures: While less detrimental than heat or humidity, freezing can cause minor physical changes to the shell components, potentially affecting reliability.
Exposure to Sunlight and UV Radiation:
Direct sunlight and ultraviolet (UV) radiation can degrade the shell's components, weakening the casing and affecting the powder.
Improper Storage:
Poor storage practices, such as storing shells in damp basements, attics with fluctuating temperatures, or in direct sunlight, greatly reduce shelf life and compromise safety.
Identifying Deteriorated Shotgun Shells:
Knowing the signs of degradation is essential for preventing accidents and ensuring safe shooting. Look for:
- Rust or Corrosion: Rust on the brass casing is a clear sign of deterioration.
- Powder Degradation: Inspect the powder. If it shows signs of caking or discoloration, it's likely degraded.
- Damaged Primer: A damaged primer will prevent the shell from firing.
- Physical Damage: Bent or dented shells should be discarded.
- Unusual Odor: A musty or acrid smell can indicate powder degradation.
Never fire a shotgun shell you suspect is deteriorated. Discard any shells exhibiting signs of degradation.
Best Practices for Storing Shotgun Shells:
Proper storage is key to extending the life of your shotgun shells. Follow these guidelines:
- Cool, Dry, and Dark Location: Store your shells in a cool, dry, and dark place, ideally at a consistent temperature.
- Away from Direct Sunlight: Avoid storing shells where they'll be exposed to direct sunlight or UV radiation.
- In Their Original Packaging: Keeping shells in their original packaging helps protect them from the elements.
- Regular Inspection: Periodically inspect your shells for any signs of deterioration.
- Separate Storage: Store shotgun shells separately from other ammunition types and away from corrosive chemicals.
By following these recommendations, you can significantly extend the shelf life of your shotgun shells and ensure their safe and reliable performance. Remember, safety should always be your top priority when handling firearms and ammunition.
