The Colt Army Revolver of 1871, while often overshadowed by its more famous successor, the Single Action Army (SAA) or "Peacemaker," holds a significant place in firearms history and Western lore. This article delves into the details of this powerful revolver, examining its design, impact, and enduring legacy.
Understanding the Colt Army 1871
The Colt Army 1871, officially designated the "Model 1871—Open Top," represents a crucial transitional phase in Colt's revolver evolution. It bridges the gap between earlier, less refined designs and the iconic perfection of the Single Action Army. Understanding its features is key to appreciating its historical significance:
Key Features and Specifications:
- Caliber: Primarily .44 Colt, though variations existed. This powerful cartridge delivered substantial stopping power.
- Action: Single-action—meaning the hammer must be manually cocked before each shot.
- Cylinder: Open top—the cylinder lacked a loading gate, requiring cartridges to be loaded individually into each chamber. This is a significant difference from the SAA.
- Frame: Solid frame construction, providing robust durability.
- Finish: Typically blued steel, although variations in finish exist depending on the specific model and its condition over time.
- Grip: Generally featured hard-rubber grips, contributing to a comfortable and secure hold.
Design and Innovation:
The 1871 model showcased several design improvements over previous Colt Army revolvers. The strengthened frame, for instance, significantly reduced the risk of frame breakage under heavy recoil—a common problem with earlier models. While still featuring an open top, the design facilitated easier loading than its predecessors. This made it a more practical firearm for both military and civilian use.
The 1871 in History: Military and Civilian Use
The Colt Army 1871 saw limited military adoption, primarily due to its relatively short production lifespan and the subsequent introduction of the SAA. However, it did find its way into the hands of law enforcement officers and civilians, contributing to the Wild West's colorful history. The open top cylinder meant that speedloaders were not feasible, slowing down reloads significantly compared to later models.
Comparing the 1871 and the SAA:
The Colt Single Action Army (SAA) quickly superseded the 1871, benefiting from significant improvements in design and functionality. Key differences include:
- Loading Gate: The SAA incorporated a loading gate, allowing for much faster reloading.
- Closed Top Cylinder: The closed top cylinder offered better protection from the elements and debris.
- Improved Strength and Reliability: The SAA's design resulted in greater strength and reliability, making it a favored sidearm.
Despite these advancements, the 1871 remains a significant piece of firearms history, representing an important step in the evolution of Colt revolvers and highlighting the continuous drive for improvement and refinement within the industry.
Collecting the Colt Army 1871 Revolver
Today, the Colt Army 1871 is a highly sought-after collector's item. Original examples, particularly those in excellent condition, command substantial prices in the firearms market. Careful research and authentication are crucial when purchasing any antique firearm, including this historical piece. Condition, rarity of variations, and provenance heavily influence value.
Conclusion
The Colt Army Revolver of 1871, while not as iconic as its successor, holds a vital position in the history of firearms. Its design improvements, though incremental, paved the way for the legendary Single Action Army. Understanding the 1871 allows for a deeper appreciation of the evolution of this iconic firearm and its enduring impact on American history and popular culture. For firearm enthusiasts and history buffs, the 1871 offers a fascinating glimpse into the technological advancements and cultural significance of the Wild West era.
