The Colt 1851 Navy revolver holds a legendary status among firearms enthusiasts and collectors. Its iconic design, historical significance, and role in shaping the American West make it a highly sought-after piece. This guide delves into the intricacies of identifying original Colt 1851 Navy revolvers, helping you navigate the world of authentic pieces versus reproductions.
Identifying Genuine Colt 1851 Navy Revolvers: Key Features
Authenticating a Colt 1851 Navy revolver requires a keen eye for detail and a thorough understanding of its manufacturing history. Several key features distinguish originals from reproductions:
1. Markings and Proof Marks
- Colt's Patent Address: Original Colt 1851 Navy revolvers will display Colt's patent address on the barrel. The exact wording and placement vary depending on the year of manufacture, making careful comparison to documented examples crucial. Pay close attention to font styles and spacing—subtle differences can be significant.
- Serial Number: The serial number is etched into the frame and cylinder. This number should match the documented production records (if available), providing a vital link to the revolver's history.
- Proof Marks: Inspect the barrel and cylinder for proof marks, which indicate the firearm passed inspection during manufacturing. These marks varied over time and provide further clues to dating the revolver. Understanding the evolution of these marks is essential for accurate identification.
2. Construction and Materials
- Metal Composition: Original Colt 1851 Navy revolvers were typically made from a specific type of cast iron or wrought iron. The metal's color, texture, and patina will tell you a lot; modern reproductions may not replicate this authentic look and feel.
- Cylinder Scene: The cylinder scenes, often depicting nautical themes (hence the "Navy" designation), are a hallmark feature. The quality of the engraving and the details of the scene are important factors in authentication. Variations in the engraving style existed throughout the production run; however, some elements of artistry consistently characterize genuine pieces.
- Grips: Original grips were typically made from wood, often featuring a distinctive grain and finish. The style and material of the grips can also provide clues to the revolver's age and origin. Replacement grips are common, so a careful analysis is needed.
3. Wear and Patina
- Authentic Patina: The patina of an original Colt 1851 Navy revolver will reflect its age and history. It's important to understand the characteristics of genuine age-related wear; a perfectly preserved or artificially aged piece should raise suspicions.
- Consistent Wear: The wear patterns should be consistent with the revolver's age and supposed use. Uniform, unnatural wear might indicate a later attempt at artificial aging or restoration.
Resources for Authentication
Several resources can aid in authenticating a Colt 1851 Navy revolver:
- Colt's Manufacturing Company: While they may not directly authenticate firearms, their website may contain historical information and details about production runs.
- Firearms Experts and Appraisers: Consulting with reputable firearms experts and appraisers is crucial for a definitive assessment. Their experience and knowledge base are invaluable in making accurate determinations.
- Books and Publications: Many books and publications detail the history of Colt firearms, offering valuable insights into the features and characteristics of original 1851 Navy revolvers. Using these resources in conjunction with a visual examination of the piece is extremely helpful.
Conclusion
Authenticating a Colt 1851 Navy revolver is a complex process that necessitates a deep understanding of its history, manufacturing techniques, and subtle variations over its production lifespan. By carefully examining its markings, construction, materials, and wear patterns, coupled with leveraging available resources and expert advice, you can increase the likelihood of determining whether you are in possession of a genuine piece of American firearms history. The investment of time and effort is well worth it when considering the historical significance and collectible value of this iconic revolver.
