Can You Shoot 7.62 in a .308 Rifle? A Detailed Look at Cartridge Compatibility
The short answer is: generally, yes, but with crucial caveats. The 7.62x51mm NATO cartridge (often called 7.62 NATO) and the .308 Winchester cartridge are very similar, leading to common confusion and the assumption of interchangeability. However, while they are close, there are key differences that can have significant consequences if ignored.
Understanding the Subtle, Yet Significant Differences
Both cartridges fire a bullet of approximately .308 inch (7.82 mm) diameter. The main differences lie in their case dimensions, specifically the chamber pressures they generate. The 7.62 NATO round is designed to withstand higher pressures than the .308 Winchester.
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Chamber Pressure: 7.62 NATO cartridges operate at significantly higher chamber pressures than .308 Winchester rounds. This is the crucial factor affecting compatibility.
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Case Dimensions: While similar, subtle variations in case dimensions exist. These minor differences could lead to malfunctions, or even dangerous pressure build-up in a rifle chambered for the "wrong" cartridge.
The Risks of Mixing Cartridges
Firing 7.62 NATO ammunition in a rifle chambered for .308 Winchester is generally considered unsafe. The higher pressure of the 7.62 NATO round can exceed the design limits of the .308 Winchester chamber, potentially leading to:
- Chamber Bulging or Rupture: The excessive pressure can cause the chamber to stretch or even burst, resulting in serious injury or damage to the firearm.
- Bolt Face Failure: The bolt face, which bears the brunt of the pressure, can fail, leading to catastrophic damage and potential injury.
- Rifle Barrel Damage: High pressure can damage the barrel, rendering the firearm unusable.
Conversely, firing .308 Winchester ammunition in a rifle chambered for 7.62 NATO is generally considered safe, though not ideal. The lower pressure of the .308 round won't cause damage, but there's a potential for reduced accuracy due to the slight dimensional differences.
Manufacturer Recommendations: The Final Word
Ultimately, always consult your firearm's manual. The manufacturer will explicitly state the types of ammunition deemed safe for use in that specific rifle model. Ignoring this recommendation is a serious safety risk.
Conclusion: Prioritize Safety
While the similarities between 7.62 NATO and .308 Winchester are tempting to overlook, the potential consequences of mixing ammunition are severe. Prioritizing safety and strictly adhering to manufacturer recommendations is paramount when handling firearms. The risk of injury or damage far outweighs any perceived convenience of using interchangeable cartridges. Always double-check your ammunition before loading and firing any firearm.
