Can You Shoot .308 Ammo in a 7.62x51 Rifle? The Truth About Cartridge Compatibility
The question of whether you can shoot .308 Winchester (7.62x51 NATO) ammo in a 7.62x51 rifle, and vice versa, is a common one among shooters, and the answer isn't a simple yes or no. While the cartridges are very similar, there are subtle but crucial differences that can lead to serious problems if you're not careful.
Understanding the Similarities and Differences:
Both .308 Winchester and 7.62x51 NATO cartridges use a .308 caliber bullet and are broadly similar in their overall dimensions. This leads many to believe they are interchangeable. However, the key differences lie in the cartridge case itself:
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Case dimensions: The 7.62x51 NATO cartridge case is slightly larger than the .308 Winchester case. This seemingly minor difference can have significant consequences.
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Chamber pressure: 7.62x51 NATO rounds generate higher chamber pressure than .308 Winchester rounds. This higher pressure is designed for the more robust construction of military-grade rifles.
The Risks of Mixing Cartridges:
Firing .308 Winchester ammunition in a rifle chambered for 7.62x51 NATO is generally considered safe, provided the rifle's chamber is in good condition. The larger NATO chamber can accommodate the slightly smaller .308 round without significant issues. However, you may experience slightly less accuracy, as the bullet might not seat perfectly in the chamber.
The Danger of Shooting 7.62x51 in a .308 Rifle: This is where things become dangerous. The higher pressure generated by the 7.62x51 NATO round, combined with the tighter chamber of a .308 rifle, creates a significant risk of:
- Chamber pressure exceeding safe limits: The pressure could cause the rifle to malfunction, potentially resulting in serious injury or death. The rifle could burst, causing catastrophic damage.
- Case head separation: The intense pressure could cause the cartridge case to separate at the head, leading to explosive failure and damage to the weapon.
- Damage to the rifle: Even if the rifle doesn't explode, repeated firing of 7.62x51 ammunition in a .308 rifle will likely damage the barrel and action over time.
The Bottom Line:
While the cartridges are similar, they are not interchangeable. It is extremely dangerous to fire 7.62x51 NATO ammunition in a rifle chambered for .308 Winchester. Always check your rifle's markings carefully to determine the correct chambering before loading any ammunition. Ignoring this advice can lead to serious injury or death. If you are unsure about the chambering of your rifle, consult a qualified gunsmith.
Always prioritize firearm safety. Improper handling of firearms can result in serious injury or death.
