Identifying an antique double barrel shotgun can be a fascinating journey into firearms history, but it also requires careful attention to detail and a methodical approach. This guide provides a comprehensive overview of the key features to examine, helping you accurately identify your antique firearm and potentially uncover its fascinating history. Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only. Always handle antique firearms with extreme caution and consult with a qualified firearms expert before attempting any cleaning, repair, or restoration.
Understanding the Basics of Double Barrel Shotguns
Before diving into identification, let's establish a foundational understanding. Double barrel shotguns, popular from the 19th century onwards, fire two shots sequentially from side-by-side or over-under barrels. Many variations exist, differing significantly in their manufacturing techniques, materials, and overall design. Key aspects to consider include:
- Manufacturer: Identifying the maker is crucial. Look for markings stamped on the barrels, receiver, or other parts. These markings often include the manufacturer's name, location, and sometimes a serial number.
- Construction: Examine the receiver (the central part connecting the barrels), the barrels themselves, and the stock (the wooden part you hold). Note the material (steel, often damascus or twist barrels), construction methods (brazing, welding), and overall quality of craftsmanship.
- Action: This refers to how the gun operates – typically side-by-side or over-under. The action type is a significant identification feature.
- Chokes: These constrictions at the muzzle of the barrel affect shot pattern. Identifying choke type (e.g., full, modified, improved cylinder) helps pinpoint the shotgun's intended use.
- Proof Marks: These markings, often found on the barrels, indicate the shotgun has passed safety tests. These marks vary by country and time period.
- Serial Number: This number is unique to your shotgun and can be crucial in tracing its history. It’s often found on the receiver or barrel.
Key Areas for Identification
Let’s delve deeper into the specific areas to examine for accurate identification:
1. Barrel Markings
The barrels are the most valuable source of information. Carefully inspect them for:
- Manufacturer's Name: Often stamped clearly on the barrels, sometimes with the city or region of origin.
- Gauge: This indicates the diameter of the barrel. Common gauges include 12, 16, 20, and 28.
- Proof Marks: These symbols indicate the gun's safety testing. Their interpretation requires specific knowledge of proof marks from different countries and eras.
- Serial Number (sometimes): This may be repeated or partially located on the barrels.
2. Receiver Markings
The receiver holds critical information:
- Manufacturer's Name and Location: These are usually prominent markings.
- Model Number (sometimes): This helps narrow down the specific model within a manufacturer's product line.
- Serial Number: This unique identifier is essential for research and tracing ownership.
3. Stock and Furniture
While less crucial for manufacturer identification, the stock and other wood parts offer clues about the shotgun's age and potential modifications:
- Wood Type: Examine the type of wood (e.g., walnut, beech) and its condition for clues about age and care.
- Checkering Pattern: The pattern of the grooves on the grip and forearm can be unique to specific manufacturers or periods.
- Metal Fittings: The quality and style of the metal parts (e.g., trigger guard, buttplate) can help date the shotgun.
Resources for Identification
Once you've meticulously examined your shotgun, you can utilize several resources to aid in identification:
- Online Databases: Numerous websites specialize in firearms identification, offering catalogs and information on various manufacturers.
- Antique Firearms Books: Several books catalog antique firearms, providing detailed information and images for comparison.
- Firearms Forums: Online forums dedicated to antique firearms can provide a platform to connect with experienced collectors and experts who can offer assistance in identification.
- Appraisals: Consider seeking professional appraisal from a qualified gunsmith or antique firearm appraiser.
Conclusion
Identifying an antique double barrel shotgun is a rewarding process requiring careful observation, methodical examination, and the use of reliable resources. By focusing on the barrel markings, receiver markings, stock features, and utilizing available resources, you can significantly improve your chances of accurately identifying your antique firearm and unlocking its intriguing history. Remember always to prioritize safety and handle antique firearms responsibly.
