The 5.56x45mm NATO round, specifically the M855 projectile, has a long and storied history in military and civilian applications. This article focuses on the 62-grain M855 projectile, examining its design, ballistics, performance characteristics, and considerations for both military and civilian shooters.
Understanding the M855: Design and Construction
The M855, also known as the SS109, is a full metal jacket (FMJ) projectile weighing 62 grains. Its distinct feature is a steel penetrator core encased within a lead core, all jacketed with copper. This design distinguishes it from earlier projectiles like the M193, which relied solely on a lead core. The steel penetrator enhances penetration capabilities, particularly against hardened materials like barriers and vehicles, while retaining the advantages of a lead core for weight and stability.
Key Features of the 62 Grain M855:
- Steel Core Penetrator: Increases penetration, especially against hard targets.
- Lead Core: Provides weight and contributes to ballistic stability.
- Full Metal Jacket (FMJ): A copper jacket ensures consistent performance and reduces fouling.
- Boat-Tail Design: (Often, though not always specified) A boat-tail base enhances aerodynamic stability and reduces drag for increased range and accuracy.
Ballistic Performance and Characteristics
The 62-grain M855 boasts impressive ballistic performance compared to its predecessors. Its higher sectional density contributes to greater range and penetration. However, it's crucial to understand its characteristics in various scenarios:
Advantages of the 62 Grain M855:
- Increased Range: The steel core and often-present boat tail design improve downrange velocity and accuracy.
- Superior Penetration: Effectively penetrates barriers and intermediate targets that might defeat lighter projectiles.
- Stable Trajectory: A more predictable flight path, enhancing accuracy at longer ranges.
Disadvantages of the 62 Grain M855:
- Overpenetration: The significant penetration power can lead to unintended overpenetration, posing risks in populated areas. This is a crucial consideration for civilian use.
- Potential for Fragmentation: While designed as an FMJ, impact with hard surfaces can sometimes lead to fragmentation, though this is less common than with some other rounds.
Civilian Applications and Considerations
While the M855 is primarily a military round, it finds its way into civilian hands. It's important to weigh the potential risks and benefits carefully:
- Long-Range Shooting: Ideal for precision shooting at longer distances, but always prioritize safety.
- Home Defense (Controversial): Overpenetration is a significant concern, making it a less-than-ideal choice for home defense. Consider alternatives with lower penetration capabilities.
Disclaimer: Always follow local laws and regulations concerning ammunition ownership and usage. Safe handling and responsible gun ownership practices are paramount. Consult with experienced professionals and trainers to ensure safe and effective use of ammunition.
Conclusion
The 62-grain M855 projectile represents a significant advancement in small arms ammunition. Its design emphasizes penetration and range, making it effective in military contexts. However, its potent penetration necessitates careful consideration in civilian applications, particularly concerning safety and overpenetration risks. Always prioritize safe gun handling and responsible ownership. Understanding the strengths and limitations of the M855 is essential for both military personnel and civilian shooters alike.
