Choosing between the .460 S&W and the .45-70 Government is like choosing between a highly engineered sports car and a classic, powerful muscle car – both deliver impressive power, but in vastly different packages. This comparison delves into the nuances of each cartridge, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses to help you determine which is the right choice for your specific needs.
Caliber, Case, and Power: A Deep Dive
Both the .460 S&W and the .45-70 Government are undeniably powerful cartridges, designed for large game hunting and serious self-defense situations. However, their approaches differ significantly.
.460 S&W: The Modern Contender
The .460 S&W is a relatively modern cartridge, designed for use in short-barreled revolvers. Its key characteristics include:
- Caliber: .460 S&W (11.6mm)
- Case: A relatively short, stout case, designed for high pressures. This allows for efficient use of powder in a manageable package.
- Power: Delivers exceptional stopping power, ideal for dangerous game and extreme self-defense situations. Muzzle velocities can exceed 2000 fps with heavier bullets.
- Recoil: Substantially more recoil than the .45-70, making it a challenge for less experienced shooters.
- Applications: Dangerous game hunting, self-defense (though its size and recoil limit practicality), and competitive shooting.
.45-70 Government: The Classic Powerhouse
The .45-70 Government, on the other hand, boasts a rich history dating back to the late 19th century. Its defining features are:
- Caliber: .458" (11.6mm) While similar in diameter to the .460 S&W, the .45-70's bullet diameter can vary slightly depending on the manufacturer.
- Case: A long, bottlenecked case, offering higher powder capacity than the .460 S&W.
- Power: Capable of delivering substantial energy, particularly with heavier bullets, making it suitable for large game hunting at moderate ranges. Muzzle velocities are typically lower than the .460 S&W.
- Recoil: While powerful, the recoil is generally less felt than with the .460 S&W due to the longer barrel and heavier rifles typically used.
- Applications: Large game hunting, especially at moderate to longer ranges, and target shooting.
Recoil Management and Shootability
The significant difference in recoil between these two cartridges cannot be overstated. The .460 S&W's short barrel and high pressure contribute to a sharp, punishing recoil, making extended shooting sessions challenging. The .45-70 Government, typically fired from a longer barreled rifle, offers more manageable recoil, allowing for more shots on target.
Practical Considerations: Size and Weight
The .460 S&W's use in revolvers generally means a heavier handgun, with a significant impact on portability. The .45-70 Government, being a rifle cartridge, is typically used in rifles that are longer and heavier, impacting portability but offering greater stability and accuracy at range.
Bullet Selection and Range
Both cartridges offer a variety of bullet weights and styles. The .460 S&W tends to favor heavier bullets for maximum stopping power at closer ranges. The .45-70 Government, with its longer barrel, performs well with a broader range of bullets, including heavier options for longer-range hunting.
Conclusion: Which Cartridge Reigns Supreme?
There isn't a single "better" cartridge; the optimal choice depends entirely on your intended application.
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Choose the .460 S&W if: You need maximum stopping power in a handgun format, even if it means significant recoil, and are focused on close-range applications.
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Choose the .45-70 Government if: You prioritize manageable recoil, longer range capability, and are primarily focused on hunting large game.
Careful consideration of your specific needs, experience level, and intended use case is crucial when making this decision. Consult with experienced shooters and firearm professionals for personalized advice.
