Choosing between the venerable .45-70 Government and the powerful .450 Marlin can be a tough decision for hunters and shooters alike. Both cartridges boast substantial stopping power and a rich history, but their differences are significant enough to warrant careful consideration. This in-depth comparison will explore the ballistics, recoil, applications, and overall suitability of each cartridge to help you make an informed choice.
Ballistics: Power and Performance
The core difference lies in their ballistic performance. While both cartridges utilize a .45 caliber bullet, their case design and powder capacity lead to distinct results:
45-70 Government: This classic cartridge, developed in the 1870s, has seen numerous iterations, evolving from black powder loads to modern smokeless powder offerings. Modern .45-70 loads generally deliver impressive energy, typically ranging from 1,800 to 2,800 ft-lbs of energy depending on bullet weight and powder charge. Longer barrels will naturally increase velocity and energy. However, the .45-70's relatively slow velocity contributes to a significant trajectory drop at longer ranges.
450 Marlin: Designed specifically for lever-action rifles, the .450 Marlin boasts a shorter, fatter case that allows for a higher pressure. This translates to higher velocities and flatter trajectories compared to the .45-70, often exceeding 2,000 ft-lbs of energy, even with lighter bullets. The shorter case also aids in feeding reliability in lever-action rifles.
In short: The .450 Marlin offers a flatter trajectory and higher velocity, making it more suitable for longer shots. The .45-70, while powerful, compensates with heavier bullet weights for greater knockdown power at closer ranges.
Recoil: Managing the Beast
Both cartridges are known for their substantial recoil. The .45-70, especially with heavier loads, can be punishing, requiring significant practice to manage effectively. The .450 Marlin, while still potent, generally exhibits slightly less recoil due to its higher velocity and typically lighter bullets. This difference, however, is subtle, and both cartridges demand respect and proper shooting technique. Consider investing in a recoil pad to mitigate the impact.
Applications: Hunting and Beyond
The ideal application for each cartridge depends on your hunting style and quarry:
45-70 Government: Its heavy-hitting power and availability in a wide range of bullet weights make it a strong contender for large game hunting, especially at closer ranges. It's particularly well-suited for hunting bear, moose, and elk, where deep penetration is paramount. While some use it for deer, its stopping power might be excessive for such.
450 Marlin: The .450 Marlin's flatter trajectory and higher velocity make it more adaptable to varied ranges. It excels in dense woods or brush where longer shots may be necessary. Its power is certainly sufficient for deer, elk, and black bear, even at moderate ranges. Its suitability for bigger game at longer ranges is a significant advantage over the .45-70.
Rifle Considerations: Platform and Availability
Both cartridges are available in various rifles, but their suitability varies depending on the action type:
- 45-70 Government: Found in bolt-action, single-shot, and lever-action rifles, offering a wide range of choices from various manufacturers.
- 450 Marlin: Primarily designed for lever-action rifles, though some bolt-action options exist. This limits the available rifle choices compared to the .45-70.
Conclusion: Choosing Your Champion
The decision between the .450 Marlin and .45-70 hinges on your specific needs and hunting style. The .45-70 Government offers raw power and heavier bullet options for close-range encounters with large game. The .450 Marlin provides superior accuracy and flatter trajectory for more versatile hunting situations, particularly at longer ranges, although its recoil is still significant. Consider the maximum range you anticipate shooting, the size of your game, and your chosen rifle platform before making your decision. Both cartridges deliver impressive stopping power, making the choice largely dependent on your hunting strategy and personal preference.
