Choosing the right cartridge for hunting or self-defense is a critical decision, demanding careful consideration of various factors. This in-depth comparison analyzes the 450 Bushmaster and the venerable 45-70 Government, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses to help you make an informed choice. Both cartridges boast substantial stopping power, but their applications and characteristics differ significantly.
Ballistics and Performance: A Head-to-Head Look
The 450 Bushmaster and the 45-70 Government represent distinctly different approaches to large-bore cartridge design. While both deliver impressive energy, their trajectories and recoil profiles vary considerably.
450 Bushmaster: The Modern Contender
The 450 Bushmaster is a relatively newer cartridge, designed for modern sporting rifles. It utilizes a shorter, bottlenecked case, allowing for higher velocities compared to the 45-70. This translates to flatter trajectories and less bullet drop at extended ranges. Typical muzzle velocities range from 2200 to 2400 feet per second (fps), depending on bullet weight and powder load. Recoil, while substantial, is generally manageable for experienced shooters.
Advantages:
- Higher Velocity: Leads to flatter trajectories and better long-range accuracy.
- Lower Recoil (relatively): Compared to the 45-70, the recoil is less punishing.
- Modern Rifle Platforms: Chambered in readily available AR-15 platform rifles.
45-70 Government: The Legendary Classic
The 45-70 Government, a true American classic, has a long and storied history. Its robust, straight-walled case allows for heavier bullets and substantial powder charges, delivering impressive knock-down power at closer ranges. However, its lower velocity results in a more pronounced bullet drop, limiting effective range. Muzzle velocities typically range from 1800 to 2200 fps, depending on bullet weight and load. Recoil is significantly more substantial than the 450 Bushmaster.
Advantages:
- Exceptional Stopping Power: Heavier bullets and significant energy transfer result in impressive stopping power at shorter ranges.
- Extensive Bullet Selection: A wide variety of bullet weights and types are available.
- Proven Reliability: A century of use demonstrates its robustness and reliability.
Applications and Intended Use
The intended use significantly influences the choice between these two cartridges.
450 Bushmaster: Ideal for
- Hunting Medium-Sized Game: Deer, hogs, and similar-sized animals are well within its capabilities, particularly at moderate ranges.
- Self-Defense (controversial): While effective, the substantial recoil and potential for overpenetration should be carefully considered.
- Longer Ranges: The flatter trajectory allows for more accurate shots at longer distances compared to the 45-70.
45-70 Government: Best Suited For
- Hunting Large Game: Bear, elk, and other large animals are effectively taken with this powerful cartridge at close to medium ranges.
- Short-Range Self-Defense (niche): Powerful, but recoil and potential for overpenetration are serious considerations.
- Lever-Action Rifles: Traditionally chambered in lever-action rifles, offering quick follow-up shots.
Recoil and Shootability
Recoil management is a critical factor. The 45-70 Government delivers significantly more recoil, making it challenging for less experienced shooters. The 450 Bushmaster, while still powerful, offers a more manageable recoil profile.
Conclusion: Choosing the Right Cartridge
The "better" cartridge depends entirely on your needs and preferences. The 450 Bushmaster offers a balance of power, velocity, and manageable recoil, making it suitable for various applications, particularly hunting medium-sized game at moderate ranges. The 45-70 Government provides unmatched stopping power at close range, but its significant recoil and limited range require careful consideration. Choose the cartridge that best aligns with your specific hunting or self-defense requirements and your experience level. Always prioritize safe handling practices regardless of your chosen cartridge.
