Choosing between a .45-70 Government and a .500 S&W revolver is like choosing between a classic muscle car and a modern supercar—both powerful, but with vastly different strengths and applications. This deep dive compares these two heavy-hitting cartridges, exploring their ballistics, applications, recoil, and overall suitability for different shooters and purposes.
Ballistics: Power and Penetration
The .45-70 Government, a cartridge dating back to the late 19th century, boasts impressive stopping power, particularly with heavier bullets. Its relatively slow velocity, however, leads to a flatter trajectory at closer ranges, making it ideal for hunting larger game at moderate distances. Expect significant energy transfer, resulting in substantial knockdown power. While modern loads exist pushing velocity higher, the core principle of substantial energy transfer at shorter to medium ranges remains.
The .500 S&W, a more recent contender, packs a significantly larger punch. Its higher velocity and heavier bullet weight translate to considerably more muzzle energy and impressive penetration. This makes it exceptionally effective for large game hunting, even at greater distances than the .45-70. However, this extreme power comes at a cost, as we'll discuss below.
Ballistics Comparison Table:
| Cartridge | Bullet Weight (gr) | Muzzle Velocity (fps) | Muzzle Energy (ft-lbs) |
|---|---|---|---|
| .45-70 Gov't | 300-500 | 1800-2400 | 2000-3500+ |
| .500 S&W | 300-500 | 1800-2200 | 2500-3500+ |
Note: These are approximate values and can vary widely depending on the specific ammunition and firearm used.
Recoil: A Significant Factor
The recoil difference between these two cartridges is substantial. The .45-70, even with heavier loads, is manageable for experienced shooters with proper technique. However, it’s undeniably powerful and can still be challenging for those with less shooting experience.
The .500 S&W, on the other hand, is notorious for its punishing recoil. It's a cartridge that demands respect, requiring significant strength and experience to control effectively. Multiple rounds fired in quick succession can quickly lead to fatigue and discomfort, limiting the practical application for many.
Applications: Hunting and Self-Defense
The .45-70 Government shines in hunting applications. Its power is suitable for large game like deer, elk, and bear (depending on load and shot placement), especially at closer ranges. While not typically used for self-defense due to its excessive power in urban environments, its stopping power is undisputed in suitable contexts.
The .500 S&W is also a formidable hunting cartridge, capable of taking down even the largest game animals. Its increased range and penetration make it a strong choice for hunting dangerous game. However, its immense recoil and the impracticality of using such a powerful round in a self-defense context severely limits its applicability outside of hunting.
Revolver Considerations: Size and Weight
Both cartridges necessitate substantial firearms. Revolvers chambered in .45-70 and .500 S&W are large, heavy, and powerful. This translates to reduced maneuverability and potential difficulties in handling, especially for smaller individuals. The weight alone might discourage frequent carrying or extended use.
Conclusion: The Right Tool for the Job
The choice between a .45-70 and a .500 S&W revolver depends entirely on your intended purpose and your capabilities as a shooter. The .45-70 offers a powerful, manageable cartridge ideal for hunting larger game at moderate distances. The .500 S&W, while undeniably powerful and capable of taking down the largest game, demands significant experience, strength, and a strong understanding of recoil management. For most, the .45-70 is likely the more practical and versatile choice, unless taking on dangerous game at longer ranges is a primary requirement. Consider your skill level and shooting experience carefully before making your decision.
