4.6x30mm vs 5.7x28mm: A Detailed Comparison of High-Velocity Pistol Cartridges
The 4.6x30mm and 5.7x28mm cartridges represent a fascinating intersection of advanced ballistics and niche applications. While both are high-velocity rounds designed for personal defense and specialized roles, they differ significantly in their origins, intended purposes, and overall performance characteristics. This comparison delves into the key differences to help you understand which cartridge might be superior depending on your needs.
Origins and Intended Use
The 4.6x30mm, developed by Heckler & Koch, was initially designed for the Heckler & Koch MP7 submachine gun. Its primary intention was to provide a high-velocity, low-recoil round suitable for close-quarters combat (CQB) and personal defense situations within confined spaces where maneuverability is crucial. Its small size allows for higher ammunition capacity in magazines.
The 5.7x28mm, developed by FN Herstal, was designed for the FN Five-seveN pistol and the P90 personal defense weapon (PDW). While also intended for CQB and personal defense, the 5.7x28mm saw wider adoption in law enforcement and military circles than the 4.6x30mm, partly due to its earlier development and wider availability of firearms chambered for it.
Ballistics and Performance
Both cartridges are known for their high velocity, which translates to a flatter trajectory and increased effective range compared to traditional pistol calibers. However, their performance differs in several key aspects:
Velocity and Energy: Generally, the 5.7x28mm boasts slightly higher muzzle velocity than the 4.6x30mm, but the energy difference is less pronounced. The actual figures vary considerably depending on the specific ammunition manufacturer and load.
Penetration: This is a crucial factor. While both cartridges are capable of penetrating soft body armor, the 5.7x28mm, particularly with its SS190 (5.7x28mm NATO) ammunition, has a reputation for better penetration against certain types of body armor. The 4.6x30mm typically requires a more precise shot placement to reliably achieve incapacitation.
Accuracy and Recoil: Both cartridges exhibit relatively low recoil, contributing to excellent controllability, particularly in fully automatic fire (MP7). Accuracy is generally considered comparable between the two, with differences largely attributed to the firearm platform and the shooter's skill.
Ammunition Availability and Cost
Ammunition for the 5.7x28mm is generally more readily available and, in some cases, less expensive than ammunition for the 4.6x30mm. This wider availability is a significant advantage for users who need to maintain a consistent supply of ammunition for training or operational use.
Conclusion: Choosing the Right Cartridge
Selecting between the 4.6x30mm and 5.7x28mm depends heavily on the specific application and priorities.
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Choose the 5.7x28mm if: You prioritize wider ammunition availability, potentially better penetration against soft armor, and a more established track record in law enforcement and military circles. The wider range of firearms chambered in 5.7x28mm is also a consideration.
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Choose the 4.6x30mm if: You specifically need a cartridge optimized for use with the MP7 submachine gun, potentially valuing its compact size and extremely low recoil characteristics.
Ultimately, both cartridges offer exceptional performance in their respective niches. The "better" cartridge is subjective and depends entirely on the user's specific requirements and priorities. This detailed comparison helps clarify the distinctions between these high-velocity pistol cartridges, allowing informed decision-making for both enthusiasts and professionals.
