Choosing the right cartridge for your firearm is crucial for accuracy, reliability, and overall shooting experience. When it comes to the .22 caliber, two popular choices often come up: the long rifle (.22 LR) and the long (.22 Long). While they might seem similar at first glance, there are significant differences that can drastically impact your shooting. This detailed comparison will help you understand the nuances of each cartridge and choose the best fit for your needs.
Understanding the Differences: .22 Long vs. .22 Long Rifle
Both .22 Long and .22 Long Rifle are rimfire cartridges, meaning the primer is located in the rim of the cartridge case. However, their dimensions, performance, and applications differ significantly.
Cartridge Dimensions and Ballistics:
The most obvious difference lies in their physical size. The .22 Long Rifle is considerably longer and holds a larger powder charge, leading to significantly higher velocity and energy.
| Feature | .22 Long | .22 Long Rifle |
|---|---|---|
| Case Length | 0.75 inches | 1.275 inches |
| Bullet Weight (gr) | 29-40 | 29-40 |
| Muzzle Velocity (fps) | ~700-800 | ~1000-1200 |
| Muzzle Energy (ft-lbs) | ~50-100 | ~150-220 |
As the table illustrates, the .22 LR boasts superior ballistics, resulting in a flatter trajectory, longer range, and greater stopping power. This makes it the preferred choice for hunting small game, target shooting, and plinking.
Availability and Cost:
.22 Long Rifle ammunition is overwhelmingly more common and readily available. You'll find it in virtually every sporting goods store and online retailer. .22 Long, on the other hand, can be more difficult to locate and often commands a higher price per round due to lower demand.
Firearms Compatibility:
Most firearms chambered in .22 LR will not fire .22 Long cartridges. The reverse, however, is often true. Many older .22 Long firearms can be safely fired with .22 Short ammunition, but the use of .22 Long Rifle in these older guns is strongly discouraged due to the potential for damage to the firearm. Always check your firearm's manual to confirm its compatibility with different .22 caliber ammunition.
Choosing the Right Cartridge: Practical Applications
The choice between .22 Long and .22 Long Rifle largely depends on your intended use.
When to Choose .22 Long:
- Antique firearms: If you own an older firearm specifically chambered for .22 Long, this is your only option.
- Limited availability of .22 LR: In rare circumstances where .22 LR is unavailable, .22 Long might be a viable (though less powerful) alternative.
When to Choose .22 Long Rifle:
- Target shooting: The higher velocity and accuracy of .22 LR make it ideal for target practice and competition.
- Small game hunting: It offers sufficient power for hunting small animals like squirrels and rabbits.
- Plinking: Its affordability and availability make it perfect for casual shooting.
- Training: The gentle recoil and manageable cost make it an excellent option for firearms training.
Conclusion: The Clear Winner for Most Shooters
Unless you have a specific need for .22 Long ammunition (such as an antique firearm requiring it), the .22 Long Rifle is the superior choice for the vast majority of shooters. Its superior ballistics, greater availability, and wider range of applications make it the dominant force in the .22 caliber market. Always remember to prioritize safety and consult your firearm's manual before selecting and using any ammunition.
