The Colt 1851 Navy revolver, a legendary firearm of the American Old West, holds a significant place in history. Its iconic design and pivotal role in shaping the narrative of the era continue to fascinate collectors and enthusiasts alike. However, the original .36 caliber black powder revolver has seen numerous modifications throughout the years, and among the most interesting are the cartridge conversion cylinders. This article delves into the history, mechanics, and implications of these conversions, exploring their significance for both historical accuracy and modern shooting sports.
The Rise of the Cartridge: A Technological Leap for the 1851 Navy
The percussion cap and black powder system of the original 1851 Navy, while effective, had inherent limitations. The relatively slow reloading process and the inherent inaccuracy of black powder ammunition meant that advancements in firearms technology were eagerly anticipated. The advent of metallic cartridges, offering increased speed, accuracy, and ease of use, revolutionized firearms. This naturally led to the development of conversion cylinders for existing revolvers, allowing owners to upgrade their weapons and capitalize on the superior performance of cartridge ammunition.
Understanding Cartridge Conversion Cylinders
Cartridge conversion cylinders were designed to fit into the existing frame of the 1851 Navy revolver. Instead of the traditional percussion cap nipples, these cylinders featured chambers bored to accommodate self-contained cartridges. These conversions weren't standardized, with various manufacturers and gunsmiths producing cylinders chambered for a range of different cartridges, including:
- .22 Short: A popular and readily available small-bore cartridge.
- .32 Short Colt: A relatively common cartridge in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
- .38 Short Colt: A more powerful option, offering greater stopping power.
- Other proprietary cartridges: Some custom-made cylinders might have been chambered for less common or specialized cartridges.
The Mechanics of Conversion: A Look Inside
The process of installing a cartridge conversion cylinder is relatively straightforward. The original cylinder is simply removed and replaced with the conversion cylinder. However, it’s crucial to ensure that the cylinder fits correctly and securely to avoid malfunctions or damage to the revolver. Using a conversion cylinder necessitates careful attention to ensuring proper headspace and function.
Safety Considerations: A Necessary Caution
Modifying a firearm, even with something as seemingly simple as a conversion cylinder, requires knowledge and caution. Improper installation or use of a conversion cylinder can lead to dangerous malfunctions, potentially causing injury or damage. It is imperative to consult with experienced gunsmiths or firearms experts before attempting to install or use a conversion cylinder. Always prioritize safety.
The 1851 Navy Today: Historical Significance and Modern Use
While the 1851 Navy revolver is a historical artifact, cartridge conversion cylinders allow modern enthusiasts to experience the thrill of shooting this iconic weapon while utilizing safer and more readily available ammunition. However, it's important to remember that these conversions are modifications and are not period-correct.
Collecting and Preservation: Honoring the Past
For collectors, original 1851 Navy revolvers, especially those in pristine condition, are highly prized possessions. The conversion cylinders themselves, reflecting the adaptation of the technology, also represent a fascinating piece of firearms history.
Modern Shooting: Safety First
Shooting a converted 1851 Navy should always be conducted in a safe and responsible manner. Understanding the limitations of the firearm and the ammunition used is essential. Modern shooting ranges provide a controlled environment for responsible firearm use.
Conclusion: A Legacy Enduring
The 1851 Navy cartridge conversion cylinder represents more than just a simple modification; it symbolizes the evolution of firearms technology and the enduring appeal of a legendary firearm. While collecting and shooting these fascinating pieces of history, always prioritize safety and respect for the historical significance of these iconic weapons.
